在调研 python tkinter 的 Windows GUI 客户端方案时，突然看到某个公众号文章中有人评论到为何不用 flet。 正好出差当天晚上睡得早，凌晨 3 点半就再也睡不着了，于是手机上翻看了 flet 官网上的所有文档，发现真是一个宝藏啊。
语法简单，且基于 flutter 的组件库，颜值有保障。而且还有跨平台的潜力。
安装 flet
安装方法极度简单，按照官方文档，一行
pip install flet
搞定。
Hello world
import flet as ft
def main(page: ft.Page):
page.title = "长征般的出差"
t = ft.Text(value="出差忘带大裤衩，真是失误", color="blue")
page.controls.append(t)
page.add(
ft.FilledButton(text="下次一定记住", icon="add"),
ft.FilledButton("下次也不一定", disabled=True),
)
page.update()
ft.app(target=main)
界面效果
已经非常赞了，比 WinForm / WPF / tkinter 的默认按钮好看太多了。
通过 flet module path, 找到 flet.exe
要交付，就不得不面对打包问题。
打包需要用到 flet.exe 命令。
由于我是通过 Windows Store 安装的 Python 3.11, 所以我并不清楚 flet 位于哪里，也就没法添加其目录到系统 PATH 环境变量中。
查看方法：
> python
Python 3.11.4 (tags/v3.11.4:d2340ef, Jun 7 2023, 05:45:37) [MSC v.1934 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>> import flet
>>> flet.__file__
'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\flet\\__init__.py'
查看目录：
> cd 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\'
> dir
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
d----- 2023-07-28 17:10 Scripts
d----- 2023-07-28 17:10 site-packages
> cd .\Scripts\
> dir
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
d----- 2023-07-28 17:04 __pycache__
-a---- 2023-07-28 17:04 108461 flet.exe
-a---- 2023-07-28 17:04 108454 httpx.exe
-a---- 2023-07-28 17:10 108499 pyinstaller.exe
-a---- 2023-07-28 17:04 27255 pywin32_postinstall.py
-a---- 2023-07-28 17:04 3721 pywin32_testall.py
果然找到了 flet.exe.
修改 Windows 11 系统环境变量没有生效
虽然我修改了系统环境变量，但是没有生效，可能是路径中有特殊符号？
> echo %PATH%
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\WINDOWS\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Program Files\dotnet\;D:\apps\Git\cmd;C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Users\zhong\.dotnet\tools;D:\apps\Microsoft VS Code\bin
简单的方式是复制一份 flet.exe 到 C:\WINDOWS
打包
> flet.exe pack D:\work\test\flet\main.py
Updating Flet View version info C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Temp\04d2ac14-813d-4ef9-939c-4e260286327c\flet\flet.exe
Running PyInstaller: ['D:\\work\\test\\flet\\main.py', '--noconsole', '--noconfirm', '--onefile', '--version-file', 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\3f5070af-bcaf-4fe0-9eec-cbec2e856070']
7157 INFO: PyInstaller: 5.13.0
7157 INFO: Python: 3.11.4
7173 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.22621-SP0
7188 INFO: wrote C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\Scripts\main.spec
7219 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['D:\\work\\test\\flet']
10097 INFO: checking Analysis
10097 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
10097 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
10112 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
10253 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
17899 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
18259 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
23574 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
28452 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
28862 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
28893 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable
required by C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_3.11.1264.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\python.exe
28893 WARNING: lib not found: api-ms-win-appmodel-runtime-l1-1-0.dll dependency of C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_3.11.1264.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\python.exe
29472 INFO: Analyzing D:\work\test\flet\main.py
29534 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-flet.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\flet\\__pyinstaller'...
30191 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
30894 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-multiprocessing.util.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
31380 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
32928 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-platform.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
33977 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-certifi.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
35650 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-anyio.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
39700 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pygments.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
46518 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pkg_resources.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
51662 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-sysconfig.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
54553 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook six.moves from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\pre_safe_import_module\\hook-six.moves.py'.
55100 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-websockets.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
58022 INFO: Processing module hooks...
58787 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\pre_safe_import_module\\hook-win32com.py'.
59116 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-win32com.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
59131 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pythoncom.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
59837 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pywintypes.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
63260 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-jinja2.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\stdhooks'...
64629 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-packaging.py' from 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'...
71461 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
71539 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
71539 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_inspect.py'
71562 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\flet\\__pyinstaller\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_localhost_fletd.py'
71562 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_pkgutil.py'
71571 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'
71586 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_pkgres.py'
71602 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_win32comgenpy.py'
71602 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_pywintypes.py'
71602 INFO: Including run-time hook 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\_pyinstaller_hooks_contrib\\hooks\\rthooks\\pyi_rth_pythoncom.py'
71649 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
3063 INFO: Extra DLL search directories (AddDllDirectory): []
3063 INFO: Extra DLL search directories (PATH): ['C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files\\Oracle\\Java\\javapath', 'C:\\WINDOWS\\system32', 'C:\\WINDOWS', 'C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem', 'C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\', 'C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\OpenSSH\\', 'C:\\Program Files\\dotnet\\', 'D:\\apps\\Git\\cmd', 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\WindowsApps', 'C:\\Users\\zhong\\.dotnet\\tools', 'D:\\apps\\Microsoft VS Code\\bin']
3517 WARNING: lib not found: pywintypes311.dll dependency of C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\win32\win32trace.pyd
3595 WARNING: lib not found: pywintypes311.dll dependency of C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\Pythonwin\win32ui.pyd
3813 WARNING: lib not found: pywintypes311.dll dependency of C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\win32\win32api.pyd
3985 WARNING: lib not found: pywintypes311.dll dependency of C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\win32comext\shell\shell.pyd
4001 WARNING: lib not found: pythoncom311.dll dependency of C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\win32comext\shell\shell.pyd
76636 INFO: Looking for eggs
76652 INFO: Using Python library C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_3.11.1264.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\python311.dll
76652 INFO: Found binding redirects:
[]
76683 INFO: Warnings written to C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\Scripts\build\main\warn-main.txt
76996 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\Scripts\build\main\xref-main.html
77246 INFO: checking PYZ
77246 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
77246 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\Scripts\build\main\PYZ-00.pyz
79654 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\Scripts\build\main\PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
79764 INFO: checking PKG
79764 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
79764 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) main.pkg
92834 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) main.pkg completed successfully.
92834 INFO: Bootloader C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit-intel\runw.exe
92834 INFO: checking EXE
92834 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent
92834 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
92850 INFO: Copying bootloader EXE to C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\Scripts\dist\main.exe.notanexecutable
93006 INFO: Copying icon to EXE
93022 INFO: Copying icons from ['C:\\Users\\zhong\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\\LocalCache\\local-packages\\Python311\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\bootloader\\images\\icon-windowed.ico']
93100 INFO: Writing RT_GROUP_ICON 0 resource with 104 bytes
93100 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 1 resource with 3752 bytes
93100 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 2 resource with 2216 bytes
93100 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 3 resource with 1384 bytes
93100 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 4 resource with 38188 bytes
93100 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 5 resource with 9640 bytes
93100 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 6 resource with 4264 bytes
93100 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 7 resource with 1128 bytes
93100 INFO: Copying version information to EXE
93194 INFO: Copying 0 resources to EXE
93194 INFO: Embedding manifest in EXE
93194 INFO: Updating manifest in C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\Scripts\dist\main.exe.notanexecutable
93256 INFO: Updating resource type 24 name 1 language 0
93272 INFO: Appending PKG archive to EXE
93350 INFO: Fixing EXE headers
99745 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
Deleting temp directory: C:\Users\zhong\AppData\Local\Temp\04d2ac14-813d-4ef9-939c-4e260286327c
文件大小
2023-07-28 19:34 <DIR> .
2023-07-28 19:33 <DIR> ..
2023-07-28 19:34 31,084,804 main.exe
WSL 中查看
> ls -lah dist/
total 30M
drwxrwxrwx 1 zhongwei zhongwei 4.0K Jul 28 19:45 ./
drwxrwxrwx 1 zhongwei zhongwei 4.0K Jul 28 19:44 ../
-rwxrwxrwx 1 zhongwei zhongwei 30M Jul 28 19:45 main.exe
大小倒是可以接受。
启动速度
打包后的 EXE，启动速度 4，5 秒。这个真是无法接受。得找方案优化一下。
- 不打包成一个文件，多个文件发布完全可以接受
- 不使用 flet 默认的 pyinstaller 方案
- 尝试 pyinstaller 其他打包参数
参考
- https://flet.dev/docs/guides/python/packaging-desktop-app
- https://blog.csdn.net/tqlisno1/article/details/108951702